The high-stakes game of poker between jailed businessman Mikhail Khodorkovsky and Russian president Vladimir Putin entered its final round last month after bailiffs seized Yukos?s core production unit and threatened to sell it off at knockdown prices. Bailiffs seized Yukos?s Yuganskneftegaz production subsidiary on July 20 to pay off a $3.4 billion tax bill, relieving Russia?s second-biggest oil company of its main cash cow. The subsidiary accounts for 70% of Yukos?s oil reserves and 60% of production. It has also contributed most of Yukos?s double-digit production growth in recent years.

Hedge funds regularly close or return money to investors, so the decision last month by David Muschel to return capital to investors in his Jemmco fund ought to have been unexceptional. But the explanation he gave gives pause for thought. Some of the fund's strategies, he said, simply cannot perform in today's environment.

To integrate or not is the question facing Ukraine?s powerful oligarchs in the last months of president Leonid Kuchma?s 10-years in power.

Despite pockets where problems persist, privatization, consolidation, and improved risk management and regulation are bringing widespread advances in emerging market banking systems.

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The UK's financial regulator will take a dim view of companies that respond in a legalistic way to its investigations, threatening exemplary sanctions against those that don't cooperate fully.

Analyst neglect of UK small-cap and mid-cap stocks subtracts £8 billion ($14.7 billion) from the capitalization of the UK equity market, according to UK research boutique Equity Development. Comparing the valuations of stocks for which there are nil, one, two, or more than three analysts publishing research, Equity Development found discounts for neglect in 75% of the sectors for which there is useable data.

A new style of leveraged financing is set to take off in Europe as hedge funds' appetite for second-lien debt crosses the Atlantic.

Although many governments will keep pushing loose fiscal policies, capital repricing is inevitable ? probably led by the ECB. That lead should favour the euro and European bonds, at least for a while

The emergence of investable hedge fund indices has provoked a great deal of debate in the hedge fund industry, with extravagant claims being made by both proponents and detractors.

API stands for application programming interface. Sadly for linguistic purists it has become a geekspeak verb; so banks can "API into another bank" or, as one user puts it: "We just API what we need." But API matters. Crudely put, it is a method of allowing programmers to develop additional functionality to boost the capabilities of a given piece of software. It is a way for banks to retain proprietary control over off-the-shelf products, and can mean that a lesser product can rival a more expensive one after the in-house programmers have got their hands on it. Any product worth its salt in the financial technology world (and far beyond - Google, for example, offers API tools) will give its users the opportunity to build on top, thereby combining the best of both buy and build worlds.

The US Federal Reserve?s upward interest rate move at the end of June came as no great surprise on Wall Street. It might well have been noteworthy for being the first rise in four years but noises about inflationary concerns and US economic growth had already made a 1.25% rate a dead cert. ?The 25 basis points increase had been priced in a month before,? says one Wall Street trader.

Ask most Hong Kong bankers frequenting the bars of Lan Kwai Fong about their last brush with anything Czech and most would point to sleepless nights watching the Republic?s flirtation with football greatness at the recent Euro 2004 championships. If local hedge fund manager Richard Johnson has his way, though, that is about to change.

By Camilla Palladino

The growing problem of pension fund shortfalls and government attempts to cope with them are prompting a cautious approach from private-equity investors, with the UK particularly badly affected.

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Despite Baillie Gifford?s lack of corporate activity, the firm has set up several joint ventures. Amin Rajan, CEO at research firm Create, says: "JVs fit well with the structure and it?s a sign of growing confidence."

Merrill's asset management business, MLIM, is getting back to its retail roots. Originally established in the US to serve the private-client business, MLIM grew, in part by the acquisition of mercury Asset Management in the UK, to become an institutional asset manager. Now, says Bob McCann, vice-chairman of the wealth management group that comprises GPC and MLIM: "We have developed a third-party retail business that is profitable and growing fast."

Merrill Lynch (Bank) Suisse is the largest of Merrill's onshore international businesses, with $11.16 billion assets under management. Regarded as separate from the GPC business, the Swiss bank has been re-establishing links with it over the past two years in a bid to boost business. "While the Swiss bank wasn't making a loss, assets had settled to about $9 billion and stayed there," says Nick Stonestreet, who became CEO of the Swiss bank in July last year. "There were many things that needed addressing, such as service quality, but the most important move in the last year has been a reconnection to Merrill Lynch GPC. Before that we tended to stand alone."

European corporates are making the most of burgeoning demand in the US private placement market. This raises the profile of the asset class but is hampering the development of an equivalent market in Europe and might be prompting banks to oversell issuers.

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It was supposed be a model merger and the first significant tie-up outside the energy sector as Russian companies finally get serious about taking on industrial companies abroad. But the shareholders of heavy equipment producer OMZ left their prospective bride Power Machines waiting at the altar when they failed to show up to its AGM.

Fund managers are increasingly pessimistic about global growth expectations, inflation is still a concern and only bullishness on Japan bucks the trend, according to Merrill Lynch?s latest research.

In part two of our structured credit roundtable, participants discuss the new products and strategies available to investors in the structured credit market. These innovations can be complex to analyze and require new infrastructure and skills to manage effectively. But the bottom line is: no-one can afford to ignore this asset class.

Wary investors and a growing equity issuance backlog have spelt disappointment for many of the issuers that have made it to market. IPOs have been particularly hard hit, prompting advisers and bookrunners to devise processes that offer more reliable pricing and greater flexibility.

July's global bond offering from the Hong Kong SAR was the first issue since colonial days and the first ever in US dollars

Multi-voiced impressionist Rory Bremner provided the laughs among the backslapping at Euromoney?s Awards for Excellence dinner in London last month.

RBC has gone golf mad. As homage to the winner of the Masters Tournament 2003, Canadian-born Mike Weir, RBC Royal Bank has launched a credit card in his name. The RBC Mike Weir Visa Card offers clients golfing-related rewards for points. Cardholders can use their points, for example, towards green fees or receive offers from some of Canada?s top golf courses. RBC Royal has also just announced that cardholders can enter a contest to win a round of golf with Weir himself at his home course of Taboo in Ontario. ?I?m glad to join with RBC in a venture that rewards golf devotees,? says Weir, who is currently on the PGA Tour, but the pressure is on. RBC has promised that cardholders will be awarded extra reward points for every victory Weir clocks up. Cardholders have already nabbed themselves 500 points for Weir?s win at the Nissan Open in February. And if he wins one of the majors or the Bell Canadian Open in September, cardholders will receive a bonus 1,000 points. They will have to cross their fingers, though. Weir tied a mere ninth at the British Open in July. Devoted fans are confident, however, that he?ll do better on home ground in September.

New issuance of American depositary receipts is being hit hard at the moment, despite growing demand from investors in the product. JPMorgan research estimates that total ADR capitalization at the end of last year accounted for $650 billion, around 33% of all foreign investment in the US, yet new ADR issues from Europe have virtually dried up. Plentiful issuance from Europe, the Middle East and Africa, which accounted for 60% of supply in 2000 in the era of large-scale transatlantic acquisitions funded through stock such as Vodafone's acquisition of AirTouch and large IPOs is now a thing of the past. Many major European corporates already have a US listing but others are being put off by uncertain equity market conditions and new regulatory burdens with the introduction of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.

Baillie Gifford exemplifies the traditional image of the cautious but successful Scottish investment manager. But if it wants to leap up to the big league, the partnership might have to consider changes to its structure.