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The Euroyen market, which slipped into somnolence in the 1990s, turned out to be the best performing in the world by the end of 1999. A rising yen, Japanese economic recovery and the beginnings of state-sponsored financial reform triggered a series of new issues, first from supranationals, then from corporates. Rebecca Bream reports

It's clear why Vodafone conquered Mannesmann. Vodafone won because it paid to win, using its powerful stock. Its shareholders supported its share price and thereby its bid because they believed its story: that big is best in the globalizing telecoms game. And they feared failure might burst the telecoms bubble. What's less understood is how Mannesmann lost. It gave away the early momentum through bungling, suffered splits in its defence advisory team, and came within an inch of winning the hand of a French rescuer, only to hesitate. Klaus Esser made Mannesmann a top company, but his risk-taking triggered this contest and shaped its outcome. We also reveal the battle that raged beneath the surface between Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley during the biggest hostile takeover of all time. Marcus Walker reports

International investors in Polish conglomerate Elektrim have had a rollercoaster ride this year, as the company has striven to ditch a rag-bag of investments and concentrate on the ever popular telecoms market. The strong prospects for telecoms growth in Poland have attracted big foreign competitors and Elektrim has found itself shifting its alliances, first partnering with Deutsche Telekom in mobile telephony, then falling out with the German giant. In the process it came close to financial crisis. But new CEO Barbara Lundberg has struck a deal with Vivendi of France, that seems to have saved the day, for now. Ian Dawson reports

In 1999, the European single currency brought with it a flourishing new market in corporate bonds for a range of different quality issuers. The dollar bond market also thrived on a diet of jumbo global offerings. Syndicated loans integrated ever more closely with the capital markets to deliver huge amounts to acquisitive companies. Equity markets saw the first ever pan-European retail deal and the US markets were innovative as ever. Brian Caplen, Antony Currie, Peter Lee, David Shirreff and Marcus Walker profile the deals of 1999.

Banks face a series of considerable challenges when appointing their heads of e-commerce, the most obvious of which is the severe shortage of senior people who can combine any degree of internet-literacy with experience in securities markets and investment banking. Many banks have settled simply for appointing experienced and trusted managers who have proved their capability in leading traditional business divisions. Yet these may not be the ideal choices. The internet is a potentially revolutionary technology which challenges many of the business assumptions these bankers have grown up with. Antony Currie and Philip Eade talk to a sample of e-finance heads at leading American and European banks

New forms of corporate restructuring are appearing in Dutch business. Leading pensions funds are agitating for shareholder value and companies are responding by listing subsidiaries. But some Dutch companies want to retain control of non-core divisions and exposure to their growth prospects, while at the same time benefiting from favourable stock market ratings for these businesses. So they are listing minority stakes in large divisions through so-called equity carve-outs, rather than pursuing full-blown spin-offs: a poor compromise or smart corporate finance? Steven Wilson and Leo van de Voort report.

Author: Gill Baker